Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Naringenin-loaded nanoparticles ameliorate scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-44225-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nar-NPs mitigate scopolamine-induced alterations in GABRA5α, GSK-3β, and pERK expression. (A) Quantitative analysis of protein expression folds (normalized to control). Data = mean ± SEM; p < 0.05 vs. SCO; p < 0.05 vs. donepezil (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test). F for One-way ANOVA test, pairwise comparison between each 2 groups was done using a Post Hoc Test (Tukey). The highly significant levels of the parameters were in the order of a < b < c < d < e. Data with superscript alphabet “a” are significantly lower than data with superscript alphabet “b” while data with superscript “b” are lower than data with superscript alphabet “c, d, and e” at * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Donepezil hydrochloride (≥ 99% purity, D6820, TCI Chemicals, Japan) was used as the reference treatment.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Comparison

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Naringenin-loaded nanoparticles ameliorate scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-44225-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative photomicrographs of hippocampal sections (H&E staining) showing histopathological alterations in scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity and the protective effects of Nar-NPs and donepezil. ( a ) Normal control: Intact pyramidal cell layer (PCL) and molecular layer (ML) with well-organized pyramidal neurons and normal granule cell layer (GCL). ( b ) Nar-NPs only: Preserved hippocampal architecture like control. ( c ) Scopolamine: Marked neuropil vacuolation (NV), neuronal degeneration (ND), and architectural disruption in PCL and DG. ( d ) Scopolamine + Nar-NPs: Mild vacuolation with mostly intact neurons and organized layers. ( e ) Scopolamine + Donepezil: Improved neuronal morphology with occasional dilated blood vessels. ( f ) Scopolamine + Donepezil + Nar-NPs: Nearly normal hippocampal structure with minimal histopathological changes.

Article Snippet: Donepezil hydrochloride (≥ 99% purity, D6820, TCI Chemicals, Japan) was used as the reference treatment.

Techniques: Staining, Control, Disruption